Jugs, (pictured below) are any hold that you can fit a large amount of your hand in. Any hold that is really good to grasp and easy to hold on to is considered a jug. Jug holds are usually the most popular as they are so easy to grab and hold.
The next kind of hold is the crimper (pictured below). Crimpers are really small holds that you can only get your finger-tips on. you have to try and get as many fingers on as you can, and then wrap your thumb on top of those fingers, locking your grip on the crimper. Crimpers are great for building individual finger strength.
Next we have the sloper holds (pictured below). Sloper holds are usually smooth enough that there is no sure way to just grab them. With sloper holds you have to pretty much hang/lean with the hold in order to stay on it.
Pincher holds are my favorite as they are fun and take a good amount of forearm strength. To hold them you pretty much do as the name implies: pinch the hold. On pinchers you have to use a good amount of strength to squeeze and stay on. Below is a video that has two good pincher moves in it. The left hold and the upper yellow hold are pinchers. In order to stay on them you have to use that forearm strength and squeeze the hold.
The final kind of hold is the pocket or sometime mono-hold (pictured below). These holds consist of just a small hole in which you can usually only fit one or two fingers. The rest of the hold is slippery and not good for gripping. usually you only have to pocket your fingers and lean with the hold. You will usually not have to hang straight on the hold, as it is risky and potentially dangerous to your fingers and ligaments.
Foot chips, (pictured below) are just small pieces that are usually too small to hold or crimp, and are meant to put your feet on, as they are great for gripping the rubber on your climbing shoes.
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